Learn KM-tutorial 11

TUTORIAL 11

Q: Explain three (3) challenges by public sector in implementing KM.

Public sector has playing an important role in deliberating the services to the rakyat. It is under their responsibility and commitment to improve their services as it can increase their efficiency, effectiveness, and customer satisfaction. In addition, the improvement can only been done as the areas of knowledge is being implement in this public sector. By using knowledge, the organization can have more knowledge worker to support their process and system. However, there was challenges occurs while implementing KM.

Firstly, public sector can faced the challenges in implementing KM in term of management challenges. It can be refers to how the managers or leaders faced the difficulties in identifying the goals of implementing KM. in public sector, there are many department that need to be run to support other department. This management challenges may left some department in term of KM implementation. It is difficult for the management system to identify the long term goals for each department because of the size of the each department itself.

Secondly, the public sector may also face the difficulties in term of technological issues. The technology has been improved from time to time. When the public sector wants to change to use the new technology, their staff can face difficulties to handle the new one. It involves a huge amount of cost in term of installation the new things and in giving the training to the staff. It can cause late service delivery to the customers as the staff will take time to learn the new software or devices. The technological issues also can influence low motivation among the staff. It is because the staff will refuse to change as they are comfortable to use the old system rather than changing to use the new one.

Thirdly, the public sector will face the challenges in security, privacy, and standard issues. In implementing KM, public sector needs to deal with the security and privacy issues as the important knowledge needs to be kept within the organization. It is essential to ensure that there will be no misuse of the KM implementation by certain people. Other than that, the public sector also needs to organize their knowledge worker properly so that the knowledge can be share to the organizational members. It is under the public sector responsibilities to seek their staff potential and give the opportunity to enhance their staff skills in order to improve their productivity and staff commitment.

As conclusion, the public sector needs to find the solution as they can meet the challenges effectively. Implementing KM can give many benefits to this organization as the services can be improved and their reputation can be increased.

Learn KM-tutorial 10

TUTORIAL 10

1. Differences between personal mastery and team learning?

Firstly, there is different definition regarding personal mastery and team learning. Personal mastery can be refers to individual learning that the organization can received the benefit of the learning. It is not guarantee organizational learning but without it, no organizational learning can occurs. For team learning, it is refers to the learning that the process of aligning and developing the capacities of a team to create the results its members truly desire.

The differences can be in term of involvement. In personal mastery, the learning is only done by the individual who are concerns on their own competencies and abilities not about others. They are independently to strive for achievement by their own and let the organization shared the benefits from the individual achievement. Besides, it does not dependent on others to learn as the individual itself will continuously learn as they are highly in personal mastery mode. In term of team learning, it involved many people as a group to involve in learning. The team learning process allowed the learning process among many people as the knowledge can be shared and learning culture can be created. When learning is going on within a group, it allows the organization to create many knowledge workers in their organization.

The differences of personal mastery and team learning can also be look into development process. In personal mastery, it seen like the individual learning can rise the development of personal vision, hold and recognize structural tension and the constraints and improve their commitment. This has influence the individual in organization to become more knowledgeable worker and established good personal assistant in their carrier. However, in team learning the development process has involved the larger development of thinking system among organizational members. It allowed the team members to enhance their participation and involvement as team leaning involves much communication among their team members.

Lastly, the differences can be seen in term of social interaction. In personal mastery, the individual will involve in less or low social interaction compared to team learning. This is because the personal mastery involving the individual itself for leaning without involving other many people. The individual itself will encourage having less communication in learning process. In team learning, the process has involve high social interaction as the learning process has involve many people in a group. The members has share their opinions, ideas, experiences, and knowledge towards each other. This kind of communication has increase the close ties among them and improve their social interaction among each other.

As conclusion, team learning and personal mastery has encourage the organizational learning in different ways as both of the learning dimension can give the benefits for the organizational effectiveness and efficiency to become knowledge company.

2. Distinguish between mental model and shared vision.

In term of definition, the mental model and shared vision has the differences. Mental model can be defines as deeply ingrained assumptions, generalizations, or even pictures and images that influence how we understand the world and how we take action. In shared vision, it can be refers to any of the idea that can inspired the organization for long term.

The differences can be seen in term of its function. In mental model, it seen like the system thinking can change many things in the organization. If the organization involve in the capacity of mental model, the organizational members need to learn new skills and develop new orientations towards such structural changes. In shared vision, it is functioning like how the knowledge can be shared. The leaders basically shared the thing they know so that everyone in the organization can have the same knowledge just like the leaders.

The differences can also be seen in term of the benefits that the organization can received. In term of mental model, the organization can received the benefit of handling the problem easier. The members of the organization can use their critical thinking to meet the challenges of the business constraint and risks. They can only manage the problem by proper thinking. However in shared vision, the organization can received the benefits of high commitment among the organization members. As long as there are communication occurred in the organization, the vision, ideas, pinions can be shared.

Lastly, the different between mental model and shared vision can look into development process. In mental model, it can develop the organizational members to improve their thinking system. They can generate many ideas through maximizing the use of their mental or thinking. In shared values, the organization can develop the standard and similar values among their organizational members. If this happen, the organization can improved their productivity while the staff has learning the similar culture from time to time.

As the conclusion, both kind of organizational learning can improved the organization in creating and having more knowledge workers.

Learn KM-tutorial 9

QUESTION 1:

a) What are the TWO strategies of KM? Describe any TWO differences of the strategies.

Two strategies of KM are information technology which is referring to its role and also competitive advantage. First strategy is about role that plays by information technology (IT). IT means information technologies that perform a wide variety of tasks that range from installing computer applications to designing widely complex computer networks and information databases. In the context of knowledge management strategies, IT helps organization in capturing the improvement of knowledge in future. IT helps organization in terms of flows of knowledge. This means that by having IT in organization practice it will help in sharing of knowledge among internal and external employees.

Besides that, gaining of the current and important knowledge that are categorized under important information in achieving organizational goals also can easily be gathered. By having IT and know on how to utilize it with effectively, IT could give information about competitors such as information on the current strategies and competitors’ products are easily can be gain. All this information assists organization to compete their competitors through creating more innovative and creative strategies in order for organization to compete with their competitors. Thus this can help organization in planning their knowledge management strategies with very efficient because all the important and needed information could be gather by the organization through searching in and using IT system.

In addition, nowadays IT is used to create direct connections among people through its application such as e-mail, chat-rooms and video conferencing. All of this can be used by organization as their medium for communications between their own employees or with external customers. By having this kind of technology all the information can be transfer and share with faster regardless of locations. IT also helps organizations to create new ideas such by having IT, organizations makes their customers become more loyal to them. This is due to organization can use IT in communicate or deliver service or products to their customers with faster. This is one of the business strategies that used by organizations through effectively used on knowledge strategies.

Second knowledge management strategies refer to competitive advantage. Competitive advantages means, an advantage over competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by offer lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies higher prices.

Knowledge management needs competitive advantages as one of their strategies because knowledge will enable organization to compete with their competitors. Competitive advantages are important for the organization because by possess it, organization can measure their strength and level of competitiveness. All of this will help organization to become more improve in their performance and acquisition of profit. By having knowledge, organization can use it as one of the strategies to attract their customers and compete with their competitors. When organizations use their knowledge as the strategy for them to compete with others, organizations need to do some analysis or research regarding their competitors’ strategy and strength. All of this information will help organization to create some effective strategies in order for them to leader in the market. For an example, by apply competitive advantage strategies in their knowledge management, Giant hypermarket are now can compete with TESCO.

Furthermore, to ensure that organization gain benefit from implement competitive advantages for their knowledge management strategies, organizations should fully understand on how to use on it. Based on this, organizations need to gain as much information as can in gathering information of their competitors and also customers. This is to clearly know and understand needs and their customers taste. After all are clear, it is easy for the organization to produce and provide product or services that are match with their customers’ needs. In order to ensure this entire plan is work, organization must know to manipulate and utilize their knowledge or manage their knowledge effectively.

Organizations that have high rate in competitive advantages usually are good in knowledge management. This is because they are expert in their knowledge and also manage their knowledge for the purpose that enables them to get information on strategies by their competitors and also the current needs of their customers. For an example, fast food restaurant which are KFC and McDonald are among the famous fast food restaurant. Both of these restaurants compete to each others. As we can see, in order to attract customers KFC are more focusing on fried chicken while McDonald focus on selling burger to their customers and the latest strategy done by McDonald are they make offer by giving half price to their customers if they purchase McDONALD during lunch hours from 12 P.M to 3 P.M. this means that both of this fast food restaurant, emphasize competition based on different types of products and price. Their aim is same, they only to attract more customers to come to their restaurant and also gain more profit.

b) Explain briefly with examples of company that you are familiar with: Exploration and Exploitation strategies

An exploration means organizations develop knowledge for the purpose to help in creating new products or services. According to knowledge (Benner & Tushman 2002, Rosenkopf & Nerkar 2001, Ahuja & Lampert 2001, Nerkar 2003, Katila 2003, Katila & Ahuja 2002), they said that exploration means existing activities that change into unfamiliar and involve remote in knowledge. In other words, this means that the organization wants to try something new in their business by producing new and different product or services to their customers. In order to involve in exploration, organizations needs to change their existing technology, skill, management and many more that are related with the changes in new business.

If the organization wants to do explorations in their business but they refuse to make any changes, it is difficult for the organization to successfully in their explorations or new business. This is because, when organization involve in explorations it require organization to make changes or innovation in their organization. Explorations are done by the organizations due to they see the new and more profit they can get if they change to something new. Explorations are also influence by the financial factors where in explorations organizations will need to invest a lot of money because most of their business operations or management will be change based on new business.

For an example, one of the organizations that involve in the explorations is Motorola. This company had drops the entire products lines and shift into new lines which is involve in cellular telephone market.

Then, for the exploitation it can be define as the process where organizations not makes the entire changes in their business product or service but they only focus on exploit or improve the existing product. This improvement is done due to upgrade the quality of the product and to ensure that their products are highly quality and could compete with their competitors’ products. Exploitations can happen if there is advancement of new technology in that industry. In order to be competitive advantage and market leaders, organizations always have to be alert in advancement of technology and their environment.

Exploitation involves leveraging of the existing knowledge in the organizations. Exploitation is different with explorations because exploitations only use the existing knowledge and resources that they possess. They just have to make some improvement on the existing knowledge and resources that they have. Some of the organizations, in exploit their products they do some research and development programs. This is for the purpose to find their weakness on their products and also to find out any changes that they can make. All this changes must suitable and relevant with the current market so that it can generate more profit to the organizations.

In, Malaysia the example of organizations that conduct exploitation in their business is Klang Valley. Previously, Klang Valley only focus on attracting teenagers customers but current business operations of the Klang Valley also show that it had balance their target group or customers into all levels of customers. This can be seen when most of the new product now are successfully attract all levels of customers’ age.

QUESTION 2

a) Search in the internet any TWO examples of metrics which is commonly used in KM project.

Metrics can be define as quantitative measure of the degree to which a system, entity process possesses a given attribute (IEEE 1990). There are two common metrics that are used by the organization in implementing their knowledge management project which are benchmarking and balance scorecard.

Balance scorecard technique developed by Kaplan and Norton (1996) aims to provide a technique to balance long-term and short-term objectives, financial and non-financial measures and also internal and external perspective. The basic scorecard is used for the purpose to translate vision and strategy into actual goals. After translate all the vision and mission, it then transfer into practical activities where company can measure it. Balance score also are use to support business activities.

In addition, benchmarking refer to other metrics that commonly used by the organization. It aims is to follow the ways things are done. This refers to the things that are best at anywhere, within or outside the firm, industry or sector. Benchmarking has been adopted by large company as a significant, systematic technique for measuring the company’s performance towards their strategic goals. In order to ensure the benchmarking operations, organizations provide data to ensure it is applicable to any organizations regardless their size also to any industries. Usually, benchmarking are conducting with companies that have better performance in that market. Benchmarking only involve in comparing with competitors and also imitate their best practices that can give benefit.

b) Identify any TWO advantages of having metrics in KM implementation.

By having metrics in knowledge management implementation such as benchmarking is useful for company to evaluate and improve their current performance. Benchmarking is important in implementing knowledge management because without benchmark with other companies, it is difficult to develop the company performance. Through benchmarking also, company can easily compete with their competitors. This due to the all the strategies the strength of the competitors are had been determine. In terms of quality, benchmarking affect the quality of the product and services whereby after comparing and benchmark it with other company that have better performance, that company will try to improve their quality as well.

Instead of that, benchmarking is done for the purpose of competitive advantage. By having competitive advantage, it allows other company in the same market has the equal chance to compete in the sane business. In competitions, it is important to do benchmark because all the important information are useful for generate new ideas and strategies to attract customers and increase profit.

For balance scorecard, it gives advantages such as balance scorecard enables the companies to translate or clear regarding knowledge management in their companies. By clearly understand on the vision, it can help company to identify and translate their goals and objective into any actions that can be measure and easily be seen by others including their employees. Balance scorecard also helps companies in translate vision and strategy into actual goals by measure in almost all perspective in and out of companies such as from the perspective of financial and customers. Both of this represents the two perspectives that need to be measure or evaluate by the companies in order to improve their performance. By measure the customers, company knows what customers needs and their quality in the customers’ perspective.

Learn KM-tutorial 6

1) How to develop further human capital in your organization?

Intellectual capital can be defined as the group of knowledge assets in the organization. Human capital is one of the categories in intellectual capital as it refers to the workers or organizational members who have the knowledge, skills, and experience within them. It also can be refers as tacit knowledge which it can be different interpretation of knowledge among the workers or it can be the same interpretation of the knowledge.

Human capital can be develop through several ways. Firstly, the organization can develop human capital through communities practice. This is the way that the organization can use to share the knowledge among their workers. The knowledge can be spread out through seminar or talk where there will be the expertise who can share their experience and knowledge among organizational members. In addition, the human capital can be develop through several discussion among their team members. It can create more understanding and increase participation among the organizational members.

Secondly, the organization can nurture and recognize the importance of having the human capital as the strategy to develop the human capital. This is because the organization will earn and receive the advantage in the future as they know on how to manage their human capital very well. The organization need to identify what the human capital want and need in order to develop and nurture them. Sometimes, the organization can improve the benefit to be given to the human capital to motivate and give the reward for the effort of their human capital. Thus, the performance and productivity of the human capital can be improved.

Lastly, the organization can provide resource to their human capital in order to enhance them in implementing their task. This can give the opportunities for the human capital to seek their potential to generate good outcomes for the organization. For example, the organization can provide resource to the workers in handling the project. The human capital will feel that the employer has trusted on them so much and this will result high motivation among the human capital to pursue in achieving the organizational goals.

2) Select one specific organization to demonstrate the plan.

In this question, we have selected FELDA Group as the example to demonstrate the plan in developing the human capital. FELDA Group was known as one of the largest agro based enterprises in Malaysia which they are focusing on producing palm oil products within and outside of our country such as in Pakistan, America, China, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Africa and London. FELDA Group has almost 19,000 employees, and 60 subsidiaries, associated and joint venture companies. The large numbers or human capital generates the organization to develop their human capital as this the key to success.

Firstly, the FELDA Group has emphasized on training and development. This is kind of how the organization nurture and recognize the importance to develop their human capital. The training and development will ensure the employees to involve in continuous learning so that the organizational process will be much more efficient and effective. They has take the continuous learning as their corporate culture as they want each of their human capital understand on the important of the use of knowledge in implementing their task. For example, the FELDA Group will send their staff for training when there is the need to improve the skills and knowledge among their human capital.

Secondly, this organization also highlighted the essential of the use of communities practice by organizing seminar. This the way that the organization can develop more knowledge sharing among the workers as the seminar allow the employees to share their knowledge, skills and experience with organizational members. For example, when the organization has added new infrastructure in their organization, their own expertise will teach the employees on how to use the new system. The communities practice will encourage the human capital participation as they can express their opinion during the seminar and the organization will improve what has been left in their organizational process.

Last but not least, the organization has take the initiative in provide the resources to their workers so that the workers can easily do their task. Basically, FELDA Group has assigned the project with assisted their staff with particular resources. By that, the staff can see the potential on the project performance as they have received the accurate assistance while conducting the project. For example, the organization can provide the right devices so that the employees will do their task assignment easily.

As conclusion, the organization plays the importance role id managing and developing their human capital as the objective and the aims of the organization can be achieve effectively and efficiently.

Learn KM-tutorial 5

a) a) Assume you are one of the high-ranked executive in your organization. Briefly outline any THREE (3) ways to nurture human capital for your organization.

There are three ways that can be used to nurture human capital in organization. These three ways are done through communities practice; recognize their importance and lastly organization itself need to provide resources. All these need to be implementing because based on the definition of human capital, refer to the knowledge, skill and experience that employees will take with them when they leave thus organization should nurture it.

First ways to nurture human capital for an organization is through communities practice. Based on this ways, organization should encourage members of the organization to practice knowledge sharing (k-sharing) among them. Practices of k-sharing will enable and easy for all employees to share their knowledge, skill and experience with others. Sharing of knowledge can be done either through formal or informal ways among employees. This means that sharing of knowledge can be done through seminars or training that conducted by experience and knowledgeable employees or done through communicate to each others. Sharing of knowledge will benefit both organization and employees because some of the knowledgeable employees they not only possess unique knowledge but also generic knowledge that are very valuable. Example of human capacity that be should nurture among employees are innovation capacity, teamwork capacity and creativity.

Secondly, due to nurture human capital, our organization should recognize the importance of human capital in all aspect. After we had recognize the importance and benefit that our organization can gain, it is easy for the top management to encourage people to become human capital due to organization can explain with clear to employees and employees also will easy to understand it. In addition, by clearly identify its importance; this will give advantage to our organization because we can fully utilize the knowledge that employees have. This means that, through recognize the sources of knowledge within our organization, we also can reduce of cost in hiring new employees that are skillful and knowledgeable. Instead of that, we should recognize our existence human capital before they are hired by other organization that offers them with better payment and facilities.

Lastly, in order to nurture human capital our organization should also provide resources to employees or supervisor so that easy for them to help and give support to organization or top management in nurturing the human capital within our organization. Providing the resources such as top management ask knowledgeable, skillful and experience employees to give or share their knowledge with other staff. By doing this, it can encourage other employees in continue their learning capacity. Then they will become more interested to be more innovative, skillful and knowledgeable as same as the person or employees that become mentor or role model to them due to most of employees are impressing with this employee.

b) Briefly describe with your own words any two factors that indicate readiness towards KM.

Firstly, in order to indicate readiness towards KM, it can be done through scanning the imperative. This is the first factors that help in ensuring the successful in implementation of KM. This is due to scanning the imperative can be considered as the initial stages for an organization before they proceed in utilize and implement of KM. Scanning imperative factors make the organization to truly understand about their own organization. This is very important because without understand and do not know the current situation of our organization, it is difficult to success in implement KM. By conducting scanning imperative, easy for the organization to the measure and recognize the stability of organization. Through this, it is more save for the organization because before they make changes or adoption of new system in their operation or management they know their stability and weakness or strength.

Then, by scanning the imperative organization also can gather information about their competitors and the current market practices and economic condition. This information is important and affects the decision and actions that organization will take in future. From this information also, organization could know their readiness and capability towards practicing KM. For an example from the information about competitor, organization can determine the strength or strategies of their competitors. Instead of that, by using this information organization also can compare and do some benchmarking with their competitors. This will enable organizations knows their quality and levels of performance.

Second factors that indicate readiness of KM is through strategic alignment. Strategic alignment means knowledge strategies planned by the organization need to be parallel with organization’s goals or business strategies. This is to ensure that all the organization effort will not become wastage to the organization because in order to implement KM, it will involve some cost. In addition, without existence of alignment between knowledge strategies and business strategies or goals, it is difficult for organization to fully utilize of KM. For instance, if the organization’s goal is focus on customer satisfaction thus the KM practices must parallel to organization goals.

Learn KM-tutorial 1

KNOWLEDGE PROCESS IN HP COMPANY

Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) is known as ‘The World’s Largest Technology Company’. This company’s headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA. The company was a provider of the technological products to the consumers that have more than 170 branches all over the world including Malaysia. The HP was consistently to offer span IT infrastructure, personal computing and access devices, global services, imaging and printing. They are producing the products from digital photography, digital entertainment, software and hardware, computer, scanning and printing devices.

The company’s major assets are come from skillful and knowledgeable workers. The knowledgeable management team will support the HP activities properly. This is how HP utilizes their workers to create more green products towards safe environment campaign. This can be seen when they has use less carbon in footprints and they are focusing to help the customer to use less energy from their products. Because of that, HP has received several awards as they are very committed towards innovation and development safe facilities for their organization members. Hence, with skillful and knowledgeable workers, HP will continuously leading the technological devices provider in the worlds.

There are three (3) processes in knowledge management such as ‘knowledge acquisition’, ‘knowledge sharing’, and ‘knowledge utilization’. In HP, the first process covered in knowledge acquisition is referring towards how they develop the skills of creating technological devices. This is necessary to have the right tools in acquiring the knowledge among members in their company. The use of ICT tools helping the members of organization to make connection in sharing the knowledge that they have. For example, in HP they are creating the web-based knowledge management system (KMS) to develop all related technical knowledge and communication to be stored for the use of their workers. This system is able to improve the knowledge process among the organization members. Besides, the workers can easily get the right knowledge that they need to be observed.

Secondly, the second process that they use is knowledge sharing. In this stage, HP allows the knowledge sharing among the peers in the organization. This is very essential in order to develop the product that attach with the current technology world market. Moreover, the knowledge sharing needs to be support with a good communication among the members in the organization. In HP itself, they use the knowledge sharing to improve the productivity among their workers. This is how they develop the knowledge workers as the same value has been share among the members in the organization. For example, HP has use outsourcing strategy with their branches in getting the knowledge to improve their products. HP Singapore has contributed towards designing the patents, copyrights, models and other important materials that necessary for the development of HP products.

Thirdly, knowledge utilization is another process in knowledge management as the members in organization need to use the knowledge that they have and share with others in their organization. This can be seen as HP is the company that produces the technological product need to use and allocate the knowledge that they have. If one of their departments succeeds with the use of that knowledge, they need to share with other department in their organization. Form the knowledge utilization HP can diversify the knowledge to create different kind of product by using the core product that they have produced. For example, HP has use HP Customer Engagement Road Map as a tool for their workers getting the work based on knowledge through experience and learning in their organization. As the CEO of HP said, if they can utilize their knowledge effectively, they can make three times profit onwards.

VARIOUS DEFINITIONS / TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

According to Rebecca O. Barclay and Philip C. Murray, knowledge management can be defined as a business activity that consists with two primary aspects which are ‘treating the knowledge component of business activities as an explicit concern of business reflect in strategy, policy, and practice at all levels of the organization’ and ‘making a direct connection between an organization’s intellectual assets covered both explicit and tacit knowledge that leads to the positive business result. Both aspects have the rational as focusing to the use of knowledge as the company assets will leads the organization to succeed. The tacit and explicit knowledge is very important for the organization that will affect good outcome for their activities.

In other definition, knowledge Management is a system to facilitate learning, innovation and sharing to achieve the strategic objectives of an organization (http://www.allkm.com). This can be simplifying as knowledge is known as a system basis that the organization has use the knowledge to improve their productivity and achieve their goals and objective effectively and efficiently. The rational of this definition as the knowledge helping for better decision making and this will enhance the management performance in the organization.

Knowledge Management can also be referring as ‘caters to the critical issues of organizational adaptation, survival, and competence in face of increasingly discontinuous environmental change.... Essentially, it embodies organizational processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technologies, and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings’ (http://www.kmnetwork.com/). This definition has telling us about how the knowledge management is very important in the process of the organization as it will result to the achievement of the organization as the proper use of the knowledge has been utilize in their organization. This lead to the rationality on how the knowledge need to be manage properly as it will result the good outcomes for the company to have many knowledge workers that lead their organization to become knowledge company.

From various definition, we can differentiate it into four (3) points such as ‘focus’, ‘roles’, and ‘importance or significance’. The table as below:

Differences	Definition/ key terms
Focus	Knowledge including tacit and explicit knowledge. Knowledge leads to learning, innovation and sharing among the organization members. Knowledge is used to adapt with current environment.
Roles	Helping the organization in improving their activities and staff performance. To achieve desired goals and getting knowledgeable workers form long life learning.
Importance/significance	Knowledge is important in competitive world market. Knowledge is important to create more valuable task and reduce redundancy in task. To reduce complexity and high cost activities.

WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE & HOW KN FUNCTIONS AS SOURCED OF WEALTH?

According to JP Moreland, knowledge can be defined in a simple way that represent reality in thought or experience the way it really is on the basis of adequate grounds. To know something is to think of or experience it as it really on a solid basis of evidence, experience and intuition. In addition, Thomas Davenport and Laurence Prusak had defined knowledge as fluid mix of frame experience, values, contextual information, expert insight and grounded information that provides environment and framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information. It originates and applied in the mind of knower’s. In organizations, it often becomes embedded not only in documents or repositories but also in organizational routines, processes, practice and norms.

As overall, the definition of knowledge from Thomas Davenport and Laurence Prusak means the knowledge that usually used in an organization are divided into two types which are tactic knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tactic knowledge refer to knowledge that are in the mind of knower’s while explicit knowledge refer to knowledge that can be observe, tangible and it had been documented.

Knowledge is very importance to knowledge based economy (k-based economy) as both of these types of knowledge which are tactic and explicit knowledge needed in k-based economy. Knowledge functions as source of wealth in k-based economy. This is because knowledge is truly an asset to those who have it and it also gives power to those who use it wisely. Knowledge also represents the basics of modern firm and management. It can be effectively and efficient thorough the management. Knowledge economy means the use of knowledge to produce economic benefits. By having the knowledge worker, a company can run their business effectively and can make more profit. Knowledge worker are also one of the asset to the company if they possess knowledge employees. Possessing knowledge employees make the company able to compete with their competitors. The knowledge that the knowledge employees have are valuable to the company and most of the company will effectively use their knowledge for the purpose of increasing company’s profit and for the long term growth.

K-based economy are not dependent on natural resources but it only depend on two types of knowledge that their knowledge employees have which are tactic and explicit knowledge. Both of this knowledge is very useful and important to company. Any companies that have both type of knowledge among their employees are benefit and easily can improve and achieve their objective in the future. In order to ensure that the company could remain possessing the knowledge from their knowledge employees, company should document the knowledge into written document and share this valuable knowledge with other staff. Thus when the knowledge employees move to other company or retire the company will still possess and use the valuable knowledge. For an example, Hp Company possess knowledge employee that expert in designing less energy in their product, thus to ensure that the Hp Company will remain to have this knowledge Hp Company should ask the employees who have that knowledge to train and share with others staff and documented it on written document.

As overall, knowledge is very important to every company. Knowledge is the asset for each company. Each company sometimes will have different knowledge employees with different knowledge based on their business activity. Having good knowledge employees with well manage on it could make the company excellent in their operation and obtain higher profit in their business. Thus, the more knowledge that employees have, the more benefit and profit can gain and expand in the business. That is why knowledge becoming source of k-based economy.

HOW HP COMPANY BECOME K-COMPANY & WHAT KIND OF K-WORKER THEY NEED?

In leading HP towards k-company the organization need to use valuable knowledge that it will contribute towards profitable outcome. It is not difficult to become Knowledge Company if the company is able to utilize the knowledge that they have in order to perform in world market economy. HP is known as the largest and successful technological devices provider that earns billions revenue each years. For that, only the best will survive in the market. First of all, HP Company needs to be in the competitive market. This is how the company struggle to maintain and improve their product competes with other similar producer like them. By using the knowledge the company will succeed towards achieving higher profit as they use all the values that they can get from their knowledgeable workers.

HP Company has also practicing open culture whereby all of their workers including CEO have work in open area. There is no partition that will hide any activities or task that have been done by the workers. It is good for them as knowledge sharing as at the higher level that leads towards productivity of the workers. This is because the technique that they use will increase their learning level and perhaps it will increase the workers to participate in each activities that the company done. Having knowledgeable workers is essential to leads HP to become k-company because in business today knowledge is the conductor towards business opportunist. The company must up to date, so that they will not left far behind in the current competitive market.

Why the title of k-company is so important? The answer is only companies that have the knowledge about markets, product and customers need and want can perform better. As HP developing their own research center, it will help HP to develop various product that parallel with technological advancement. With the research center, HP management will not having complexity in accomplishing their task as the investment in the research center have been facilitate with sophisticated and modern function of devices. The research center has plays an important role in collecting and documenting the knowledge that they have so that the other organizational members can easily utilize the sources that will help in complete their task. Besides that, the aims to towards k-company will ensure HP to produce the high quality of products and fulfill the customer’s needs and satisfaction.

As define by Davenport, k-worker (knowledge worker) refers to people whose primary job is to do something with knowledge like to create, distribute and apply knowledge. K-worker also refers to those who have a high degree of education or experience. K-Workers according to J.Phang means those who are computer-literate and who are able to choose the most suitable tool from a range of currently available IT tools to increase their effectiveness and to shorten traditional job processes.

HP is the company that provides technological devices to their customers. This company deals with technology devices as their business product. Thus as Hp is the company that supply technology devices, for sure they need workers that are very computer literate which is able to use computer efficiency in order to have k-worker in this company. This is the most basic requirement that HP Company needs for their k-workers. Ability of computer literate important for the k-workers in HP Company because of their works and duties mostly will need them to use technology and if they are not have this ability, it is difficult for this kind of workers to accomplish their job also it is wastage for HP Company hiring this kind of workers that cannot give them profit.

In addition, in order for the HP Company to have k-workers, the workers should have habits of learning. It means that their workers are continuously learned to improve themselves and also their productivity. Before the workers possess the habits of learning, firstly they should have self motivation in learning. If they are not motivated to continuously learn, workers may not have intention to learn and difficult for them to be more productive and become k-workers in their company. Habits of learn will improve the knowledge of that workers itself and also benefit the company as k-workers are one of the important asset of company in ensuring that company can gain more profit and for the long term growth purposes. That is why knowledge becomes source of wealth in k-based economy.

Furthermore, to be k-workers in HP Company they should have excellent thinking skills. This skill is essential for them to be practice in solving any problems. Problems are something that all companies cannot predict and run from it and they have to face it before it become worse and happen again in future. Then, by having thinking skill k-workers can create or generate new ideas in their products and can compete with their competitors. For the business that produce technological devices they always need to create new ideas or products because in technology there will always have changes and HP Company should aware on this advancement in technology to ensure they are not left behind from their competitors and will not lost their customers.

suprise!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

juz drop t0 say hepy besday to u kakak ku NURUL AINNA MOHD RAHID..smoga pnjg umur n murah rezeki..hope akk hepy always n success in ur life.. you go girl..hehe..neway hope akk suke n hepi on wut we hv mke suprised for u..ada k.za (peneraju utama), k.echa n k.aini n almost unforgetable k.sina..thanx cz join bwt suprised for her..u guys juz a great actress........awwwwwwwww.. haha..

d time b4 dat nite, we have spend all d day kt sunway lagoon...best sgt..da bkurun x pegi sana rasanya....best glew//tp cian la kt k.za cz patutnya ktorg plan len nk msk sama2 spageti but then k.yen dpt lak cuti..so tu yg hangout tuwh..huhu..terpaksa la k.za xjoin g sunway..everythg die set up sowg2.hebat taw...n lately lps k.echa n k.aini abes kije bru die dpt tlg k.za..yew la nk prepare pape yg patut..

HEHE.. sambung blek ctew g snway lagoon... ktorg amek pakej 3 park, 2 tuwh biase la men air ngan yg meinan2 ats drt yg satu lg tuwh tgk wild life.. mmndgkn kakak sy niwh pencinta haiwan, so mmg sesuai la ktorg choose dat package.. mcm bntg yg xdpt jmpee kt zoo biasa korg dpt tgk kt cni taw.. lawak gak la psl sy niwh pnakut sket nk pgg2 bntg niwh.. nk pgg kura2? haha.. no way!! tp at last sy pgg gk 1 small monkey niwh..cute sgt..lalala..then ktorg g men2 mende puseng2 kt cna.. mmg syiokla g sunway hr tuwh.. dpt gk blaja brenang ngan besday girl..haha..tapi yg plg lwak r sy takut glew mase nek mnatang dlm mulut ular tuwh.pergh!! trasa inersia glew mase twun!! xberbunyik lgsung mulut!! bkn saje x mnjerit, malah bisik2 pn xdgr...punye cuak mase twun!! hahahaha..lawak glew..tuwh plg best la..neway, try r g nt..xrugi pn pegi..juz mknn jew mhl glew..pndai2la yerk cr mknn..hihi..neway.. hepy bsday again to u ma cs...mmuah!!daa..

I HAVE A GREAT TIME WIF U ALL...

hepi besday mama..n hepi mothers day..

slamat hari jadi..slamat hari jadi..slamat hari jadi ku ucapkan buat mama..juga slamat hari ibu, mama..tanggal 10 mei adalah sgt bermakna buat mama krana hari ibu juga adalah pada tarikh tersebut..hehe..jd senang la nk pilih adiah skali jew..psst..jgn mara mama..

kali niwh mama xbyk kesah psl adiah nye..slalu kami adk bradik akn bkongsi uwet mbeli adiah mama..krana sy je sorg lil gurl in fmly, so byk mende yg sy je concern nk lakukan..last year km tlh hadiahkn mama jam tgn baru..wktu tu sy msh igt jam tu sy bli swktu kua bsama wina n huda kt mp..penat cari satu mp..last terkenan kt satu niwh.. ba am?? adik?? heh..diorg tkg bg duit jew..

this year?? haa..mama nk kasut baru..kalu iktkan nk g bli ari tu ngn ma lovely cs..tp sebab mama ckp better die plh sndirik xjd la nk bwat suprise blikan adiah..so kitorg decide bg uwet jew..haha..klaka kn.. hadiah pilih sndiri..xkesah la yg penting mama suke.. disebabkan xdpt nk uwat kejutan ntuk mama, so sy decide nk bli kek sdp kt mana lg kalo bkn kat secret recipe..choc. indulgence jd pilihan.. kisah kek ni ada gak tau..sy mls nk kua dah..ini disebabkan kekenyangn mkn ns lauk smbal udang yg mama msk..haha..so trus kol ba am cz tmpt keje die dkt ngan kedai kek tuwh.. nk djadikan cite, ba am bz..so kwn die tlg blikan..b4 tuwh..eh syawwil! ape ko nk tulis atas kek mak ko ek?? ba am pn tulis lah...skali org kt secret tuwh ckp, pergh..cm karangan plak ats kek niwh..haha..apela ba am..nsb bek muat nk tulis..neway thnx la kpd kwn ba am tuwh sbb tolong blikan..

tibe time mkn, mama xabis2 memuji sdp tp...........bile abis je die sbuk ckp manisnye..kalo cek darah niwh mst gule tinggi..!! haha..tiap kali memuji mst ada je selingan mengomelnya..biasala..kaum ibu..hehe..then kek byk lebih taw..yelah..ma cs (k.yena) n k.za xjd dtg..so fmly m.teh jela..tu pn pkcik isa xde...die g ngajar..adik kitorang pn xde..cz blom cuti skolah lagi..die skolah kt kubang pasu..nun jauh kt utara sana..so bykle mknn x bape nk abes..(ayat pancheng) hehe..

then, da kms2 sume n mak teh pn da blek..mlm smlm mmg pns..yelah..kl pn da lama xujan..so mama baring kat ruang tamu sorang2..xsmpi hati tgk die sorang2 so lpk la skali ngan die..kitorang bareng berdua dpn tv..hehe..sweet kn.. smbil tu lyn citer kt prima..pastu tgk af plak..tbe2 adik kol dr asrama die..tp line trul gile..agknye mrsm die tgh update line tepon..(bak kata mama..)adik wish hepi besday n die ckp die dpt hadiah dr phk skolah iaitu tabung burger..hahha..tu pn sbb die dpt highest dlm sejarah mase exam hari tu..xkesahla..jnji ko bahagie dik..so xlame sgt mama borak ngn fridaus, km berdua smbung tgk af..bile da nk abis, mama pn msk tido..nite mama..sy pn msk bilik ntuk tido..hehe..abah plak bgn sbb nk tgk ns impit die..hee..so sy cont bgayut pastu da mamai tido lah twus..hehe..neway..samat hari jadi n hari ibu mama..nurul sayang mama!! sesungguhnya pengorbanan seorang ibu xterbalas oleh kite..slagi ibu ada, kite bahagiakan lah ibu kite..ibu adalah sumber kekuatan kite..bwat ibu2 dseluruh dunia.., kamulah orang yg plg mulia d mata ank2..terima kasih ibu ats segalanya..buat rkn2 yg tlh kehilanagn ibu tersayang, xmengapa..kenangilah mereka n sntiasalah doakan mereke gembira di alam sana..sesungguhnya..mereka pernah hadir dlm hidup kite and ibulah tempat kite berpayung..sekian..wassalam..